100 Years of IBM in Pictures

IBM DEY RECORDER (1880)

This device, resembling an antique clock, is an early Dey dial recorder, which was used to track the hours worked by employees. The dial recorder was developed in 1880 by Alexander Dey. In 1907 his business was acquired by the International Time Recording Company, one of the companies that would later form IBM.

Credit: IBM

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100 Years of IBM in Pictures

IBM DEY RECORDER (1880)

This device, resembling an antique clock, is an early Dey dial recorder, which was used to track the hours worked by employees. The dial recorder was developed in 1880 by Alexander Dey. In 1907 his business was acquired by the International Time Recording Company, one of the companies that would later form IBM.

Credit: IBM

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What Does Newt Gingrich Know?

When his top campaign staff abandoned him not long ago, Newt Gingrich didn?t seem terribly surprised. ?Philosophically, I am very different from normal politicians,? he said. ?We have big ideas.?

The ?we,? as Gingrich uses it here, is akin to the royal we ? it?s what might be called the professorial we, employed when the intellectual and the ideas he generates merge to create an entity too large for a singular personal pronoun. ?Over my years in public life,? he writes in his latest book about how to save America, ?I have become known as an ?ideas man.? ? And we shouldn?t doubt it. As I write, a stack of books tilts Pisa-like on my desk, each volume written by Gingrich and various co-authors. I got out my tape measure the other day and discovered that the stack is precisely 15¼ inches high ? a figure that does not include the various revised and expanded editions that I have had Whispernetted into my Kindle, along with the historical novels that Gingrich has published with a co-writer named William R. Forstchen: three fat books on the Civil War, three on World War II and a pair on the Revolutionary War. If I added these to my stack, it would be taller than the mayor of Munchkinland and much heavier.

The books taken together are evidence of mental exertions unimaginable in any other contemporary politician. Professorial affectations are not high on the list of tactics candidates like to use in this age of galloping populism. Within the politico-journalistic combine, Gingrich?s status as an intellectual is accepted as an article of faith ? something that everybody just assumes to be true, like man-made climate change or Barack Obama?s stratospheric I.Q. Senator Tom Coburn, the Oklahoma Republican, says Gingrich is ?undoubtedly the smartest man I?ve ever met.? Cokie Roberts calls him ?a big thinker.? Without irony the Democratic consultant Paul Begala praises his ?intellectual heft? and Howard Dean his ?intellectual leadership.? Ted Nugent says Gingrich is probably the ?smartest guy out there.? So that settles that.

Or does it? I built my stack of Gingrich books because I intended to read every one of them, in chronological order, and I did read them, though my chronological scheme broke down eventually. Aside from the sheer number of words, what is most impressive about the Gingrich corpus is its range of literary form, from confessional to guidebook.

Gingrich?s first book, ?Window of Opportunity: A Blueprint for the Future,? came out in 1984 and contained the seeds of much of what was to follow. Beneath its cover image ? a flag-draped eagle inexplicably threatening the space shuttle ? the backbencher Gingrich was identified as chairman of the Congressional Space Caucus, a position that inspired a series of ?space cadet? jokes that took years to die. ?Window of Opportunity? was co-written by Gingrich?s second wife, Marianne, and a science-fiction writer called David Drake. Anyone who takes seriously the books that politicians claim to write must sooner or later confront the delicate matter of co-authors and ghostwriters, especially when the books serve, as in Gingrich?s case, as intellectual bona fides.

I have no inside knowledge of Gingrich?s work habits as a writer, or co-writer. In 1994, I was asked to help write one of his books, but the offer never went far enough to allow for close observation. There?s no reason to be prissy or censorious on the subject of politicians and their ghostwriters. George Washington had ghostwriters (pretty good ones, too: Hamilton and Madison). Lincoln had his secretaries write some letters for him, including, some historians say, the most famous Lincoln letter of them all, to the bereaved Mrs. Bixby. And despite a long parade of co-authors ? historians, novelists, policy experts, journalists, even family members ? Gingrich?s books show a remarkable consistency from one to the next. His contribution to the books that bear his name must be substantial ? certainly greater than that of Charles Barkley, who once admitted he hadn?t read his autobiography. (No one else did, either.) Gingrich?s books are Gingrich?s books.

The ghosts for that first book served him unevenly. They got him in metaphor trouble from the first sentence. ?We stand at a crossroads between two diverse futures,? he wrote. This crossroads, it transpired, faced an open window. That would be the window of vulnerability, which is widening. Three paragraphs later, the crossroads, perhaps swiveling on a Lazy Susan, is suddenly facing another window, also open. The important point, Gingrich writes, is that this window of opportunity is about to slam shut. And if it does? ?We stand on the brink of a world of violence almost beyond our imagination.?

Reading the Gingrich catalog, you get used to intimations ? or are they threats? ? of Armageddon. Windows are slamming shut, or are just about to, all over the place, all the time. ?Time is running out,? he wrote toward the end of ?Window of Opportunity,? 27 years ago. It?s no wonder that Washington thinks he?s so smart: Gingrich was panicky before panicky was cool. The political class runs on his kind of excitement, as one crisis of the century succeeds another, week by week. Politics on its own terms is so boring ? decades of the same issues, the same interests, the same charges of heartlessness against Republicans and of profligacy against Democrats ? that attention has to be stoked by artificial means.

Andrew Ferguson (aferguson6396@yahoo.com) is a senior editor at The Weekly Standard and the author of ??Crazy U: One Dad?s Crash Course in Getting His Kid Into College.?? Editor: Chris Suellentrop (C.Suellentrop-MagGroup@nytimes.com)

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IE losing share, Firefox stagnant, Chrome passes 13 percent

With IE9, Firefox 5, and Chrome 12 all out, the second browser war is only getting fiercer. Let's take a look at the market share numbers for last month.

Between May and June, Internet Explorer dropped 0.59 percentage points, a bit less than the previous month. Firefox, meanwhile, dipped 0.04 percentage points, less than it gained last month. Chrome increased 0.59 percentage points, making it last month's biggest winner. Safari was up 0.20 percentage points. Opera lost 0.14 percentage points.

At 53.68 percent, Internet Explorer has once again hit a new low. IE9, the latest and greatest from Microsoft, last month captured 5.63 percent of the market (up by 1.44 percent percentage points). IE8 lost 1.21 percentage points, but it's still the world's most popular browser. IE7 fell 0.46 percentage points and IE6 fell just 0.18 percentage points. We're hoping that IE6 will fall below the 10 percent mark next month.

At 21.67 percent, Firefox is still below the peak it reached last year (24.72 percent). It appears that Firefox 4 and Firefox 5 are still not helping Mozilla regain overall market share. This is despite the fact that Firefox 4 last month captured a whopping 10.46 percent of the market (up by 0.38 percentage points) and Firefox 5 grabbed 2.05 percent (the latest version came out towards the end of June). Firefox 3.6 and Firefox 3.5 together lost 2.34 percentage points.

At 13.11 percent, Chrome has hit a new high. The browser's built-in updating system is working wonders for Google. Chrome 12 managed to capture 7.32 percent (up by 7.32 percentage points). Chrome 11 meanwhile fell 3.93 percentage points and Chrome 10 fell 0.58 percentage points.

The data is courtesy of Net Applications, which looks at 160 million visitors per month. As you can see above, the situation at TechSpot is slightly different: Firefox is first, IE is second, Chrome is third, Safari is fourth, and Opera is fifth. The only browsers to gain share at TechSpot between May and June were Chrome and Safari.

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IE losing share, Firefox stagnant, Chrome passes 13 percent

With IE9, Firefox 5, and Chrome 12 all out, the second browser war is only getting fiercer. Let's take a look at the market share numbers for last month.

Between May and June, Internet Explorer dropped 0.59 percentage points, a bit less than the previous month. Firefox, meanwhile, dipped 0.04 percentage points, less than it gained last month. Chrome increased 0.59 percentage points, making it last month's biggest winner. Safari was up 0.20 percentage points. Opera lost 0.14 percentage points.

At 53.68 percent, Internet Explorer has once again hit a new low. IE9, the latest and greatest from Microsoft, last month captured 5.63 percent of the market (up by 1.44 percent percentage points). IE8 lost 1.21 percentage points, but it's still the world's most popular browser. IE7 fell 0.46 percentage points and IE6 fell just 0.18 percentage points. We're hoping that IE6 will fall below the 10 percent mark next month.

At 21.67 percent, Firefox is still below the peak it reached last year (24.72 percent). It appears that Firefox 4 and Firefox 5 are still not helping Mozilla regain overall market share. This is despite the fact that Firefox 4 last month captured a whopping 10.46 percent of the market (up by 0.38 percentage points) and Firefox 5 grabbed 2.05 percent (the latest version came out towards the end of June). Firefox 3.6 and Firefox 3.5 together lost 2.34 percentage points.

At 13.11 percent, Chrome has hit a new high. The browser's built-in updating system is working wonders for Google. Chrome 12 managed to capture 7.32 percent (up by 7.32 percentage points). Chrome 11 meanwhile fell 3.93 percentage points and Chrome 10 fell 0.58 percentage points.

The data is courtesy of Net Applications, which looks at 160 million visitors per month. As you can see above, the situation at TechSpot is slightly different: Firefox is first, IE is second, Chrome is third, Safari is fourth, and Opera is fifth. The only browsers to gain share at TechSpot between May and June were Chrome and Safari.

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Apple goes for the Samsung kill shot, files for preliminary injunction

Apple has filed a motion for preliminary injunction against Samsung in the U.S. today, reports Florian Miller of FOSS Patents. The injunction is specifically aimed at four Samsung products, the Infuse 4G, Galaxy S 4G, Droid Charge and Galaxy Tab 10.1.

The motion, if granted, would force Samsung to remove many of its flagship products from the market and make significant design changes to them in order to satisfy the conditions. Apple is claiming that many of the Samsung products mimic the design of Apple?s products, including the iPhone and iPad, closely enough to confuse consumers.

Apple?s original complaint against Samsung asserted that the electronics manufacturer was ?blatantly [imitating] the appearance of Apple?s products to capitalize on Apple?s success.?

The move for an injunction can best be described as a preemptive strike by Apple against Samsung that has the potential to put an end to the legal wrangling very quickly, or backfire and weaken Apple?s position.

?If such a motion failed only due to poor (in terms of ?premature?) timing, Apple would technically still have the same rights before ? but psychologically (in terms of the court proceeding as well as how the outside world views it), a denied motion would look bad.,? Miller explains in a related post, ?It would create the impression of Apple making unreasonable demands ? and there are already many observers of this dispute who believe that Apple overshoots and interprets the scope of its exclusive rights too broadly.?

This latest action is one more move in the ongoing chess game between Apple and Samsung over the similarity of their devices. For its part, Samsung brought a counter-suit against Apple with the goal of an import ban on Apple?s devices. That counter-suit was later dropped by the Korean company.

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A Smarter, Stealthier Botnet

A new kind of botnet?a network of malware-infected PCs?behaves less like an army and more like a decentralized terrorist network, experts say. It can survive decapitation strikes, evade conventional defenses, and even wipe out competing criminal networks.

The botnet's resilience is due to a super-sophisticated piece of malicious software known as TDL-4, which in the first three months of 2011 infected more than 4.5 million computers around the world, about a third of them in the United States.

The emergence of TDL-4 shows that the business of installing malicious code on PCs is thriving. Such code is used to conduct spam campaigns and various forms of theft and fraud, such as siphoning off passwords and other sensitive data. It's also been used in the billion-dollar epidemic of fake anti-virus scams.

"Ultimately TDL-4 is simply a tool for maintaining and protecting a compromised platform for fraud," says Eric Howes, malware analyst for GFI Software, a security company. "It's part of the black service economy for malware, which has matured considerably over the past five years and which really needs a lot more light shed on it."

Unlike other botnets, the TDL-4 network doesn't rely on a few central "command-and-control" servers to pass along instructions and updates to all the infected computers. Instead, computers infected with TDL-4 pass along instructions to one another using public peer-to-peer networks. This makes it a "decentralized, server-less botnet," wrote Sergey Golovanov, a malware researcher at the Moscow-based security company Kaspersky Lab, on this blog describing the new threat.

"The owners of TDL are essentially trying to create an 'indestructible' botnet that is protected against attacks, competitors, and antivirus companies," Golovanov wrote. He added that it "is one of the most technologically sophisticated, and most complex-to-analyze malware."

The TDL-4 botnet also breaks new ground by using an encryption algorithm that hides its communications from traffic-analysis tools. This is an apparent response to efforts by researchers to discover infected machines and disable botnets by monitoring their communication patterns, rather than simply identifying the presence of the malicious code.

Demonstrating that there is no honor among malicious software writers, TDL-4 scans for and deletes 20 of the most common forms of competing malware, so it can keep infected machines all to itself. "It's interesting to mention that the features are generally oriented toward achieving perfect stealth, resilience, and getting rid of 'competitor' malware," says Costin Raiu, another malware researcher at Kaspersky.

Distributed by criminal freelancers called affiliates, who get paid between $20 and $200 for every 1,000 infected machines, TDL-4 lurks on porn sites and some video and file-storage services, among other places, where it can be automatically installed using vulnerabilities in a victim's browser or operating system.

Once TDL-4 infects a computer, it downloads and installs as many as 30 pieces of other malicious software?including spam-sending bots and password-stealing programs. "There are other malware-writing groups out there, but the gang behind [this one] is specifically targeted on delivering high-tech malware for profit," says Raiu.

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Gaming 28 - Revisiting the Village

For 2 Republican Leaders, a Bond, Not a Rivalry

?I would agree with Senator McConnell,? Mr. Boehner, of Ohio, said quickly.

No surprise there. On issues like the economic stimulus, the health care law, climate change and federal spending levels, there has been scant daylight between the speaker and Mr. McConnell, the Kentuckian who leads Senate Republicans.

Their close alliance, unusual between senior party leaders from the House and the Senate, has substantial implications as they head into end-game negotiations with President Obama on the federal budget. By sticking together, they have been able to pound home a seamless Republican message to voters, reduce the White House?s ability to play Senate Republicans off their House counterparts and make consistent demands in the budget talks.

?It is remarkable the degree of unity and message discipline they have had,? said Tom Daschle, a former Democratic Senate leader from South Dakota. ?It is a huge asset.?

But with much at stake in the budget battle heading into the 2012 elections, and both men facing an array of political, ideological and substantive tradeoffs, the McConnell-Boehner pact is likely to be tested as all sides come down to painful decisions in coming weeks about what they are willing to accept to get a deal.

?We work hard at not surprising each other,? Mr. McConnell said in an interview.

In the maneuvering on how much to cut spending as part of a package that would also raise the limit on the national debt, both Mr. McConnell and Mr. Boehner have said budget savings must exceed the amount of any debt limit increase; both say they are dead set against any tax increases, and both say Medicare savings should be part of any major agreement.

But there are a few differences in approach that could loom larger as the talks heat up. Mr. McConnell has been more open to the idea of a short-term increase in the debt ceiling, a prospect that unsettles House Republicans who would prefer not to vote multiple times on the debt limit before they all face the electorate in November 2012. (Just 10 Republican Senate seats are up next year.)

Democrats see Mr. Boehner as being more open to new revenues ? he suggested earlier in the year that tax breaks for the oil industry might be expendable ? than Mr. McConnell, particularly if the revenues could be tied into a major deficit reduction package. As the leader of the House, Mr. Boehner also has more riding on the outcome than Mr. McConnell.

Their relationship is a marked contrast to those of some of their predecessors who fought as much with their counterparts across the Rotunda as with the opposition party.

Since Mr. Boehner became leader of House Republicans in 2007, he and Mr. McConnell have pulled in tandem in a way that has made it difficult for Democrats to drive a wedge between House and Senate Republicans. Their inner workings have also been absent of the backbiting and staff infighting that often occurs between the offices of the two leaders.

?It is a friendly and trusting relationship, and we are not looking for ways to make ourselves look better at the expense of the other,? said Mr. McConnell, who often unobtrusively makes his way over to the speaker?s office via a relatively secluded hallway off his own suite. He joked that he followed the trail of cigarette smoke emanating from Mr. Boehner?s suite.

Through such regular personal contact and more frequent staff interaction, the speaker and the Senate leader have followed a common communications strategy ? the president?s budget, they often asserted earlier this year, ?spends too much, taxes too much and borrows too much? ? and have managed to set the terms of debate by focusing almost solely on spending and the deficit. At House leadership meetings, Mr. Boehner often conveys the views of Mr. McConnell based on their talks.

And they have shown a willingness to step aside for each other as well. Mr. McConnell conducted last December?s negotiations with the White House over the extension of the Bush tax cuts; Mr. Boehner took the lead in the spending-cut deal in April that averted a government shutdown.

Both Mr. McConnell and Mr. Boehner are seasoned professionals who do not see themselves as having a lot to prove. Neither seems to harbor ambitions beyond his current role. In contrast, both Speaker Newt Gingrich of Georgia and the Senate leader Bob Dole of Kansas had presidential aspirations back in 1995, goals that led to as much competition as cooperation and undercut Republican efforts as they confronted the Clinton administration.

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Hard Lines iPhone Review

Hard Lines iPhone Review

Posted on 26th Jun 2011 at 10:44 by David Hing with 9 comments

Back when mobile phones were still thought of as a new idea, Nokia's 3210 was highly sought after in many circles for its built in version of the highly addictive game Snake. Fast forward a decade, and Hard Lines is attempting to be a worthy successor to that classic title.

The mechanics of Hard Lines are simple. With simple directional strokes of your finger, you steer a line around the screen towards randomly spawning markers, accruing points while avoiding other lines that enter from the sides of the screen.

Slick and neatly designed, Hard Lines is clearly influenced by the Light Cycles from Tron, yet it doesn't limit itself to that one style of play; there are several variations. In some modes, you gain points by getting opposing lines to crash into you or the walls; in others you race against the clock, or just try to last for as long as possible. There are also some good bonuses, such as the occasional power up that enables you to crash through any other competing lines without killing yourself.


The gameplay is occasionally made overly complicated, however, via the addition of dialogue that bikes may utter in the middle of a match. This appears as a single line of text and, while it's often funny, it's usually just a distraction that obscures your view.

Aside from this, though, the balancing is beautiful and the game manages to be both punishing and forgiving at once. Each line is only a single pixel wide, for example, but you only need to pass near an item on the screen to collect it, avoiding any frustrating situations where you might end up circling it forever. Not only this, but the very narrow nature of your line means the game can afford to throw a lot of competing lines at you at any one time. In particular, the Gauntlet mode continually spawns large numbers of other lines rapidly, resulting in an intense session that's highly satisfying when it goes your way.

Verdict: Hard Lines is a well designed, easily controlled, multifaceted version of Snake with enough new material and creativity behind it to stop it being called a straightforward clone.

Hard Lines is available from the AppStore for 59p / 99c.

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