Google forms patent licensing initiative for WebM

Google has moved to encourage adoption of its WebM video format by announcing the WebM Community Cross-License (CCL) initiative. The coalition members have all agreed to license any patents that are essential to WebM to other CCL participants.

The CCL initiative has 17 founding members: AMD, Cisco Systems, Google, HiSilicon Technologies (for itself and its parent, Huawei), LG Electronics, Logitech, Matroska, MIPS Technologies, Mozilla Corporation, Opera Software, Pantech, Quanta Computer, Samsung Electronics, STMicroelectronics (for itself and its 50/50 joint venture, ST-Ericsson), Texas Instruments, Verisilicon Holdings, and Xiph.org Foundation. It's worth noting that a few big names are missing, including Apple, Intel, Microsoft, Philips, and Sony.

WebM was initially released on May 19, 2010. Three months ago, Google announced that it would be dropping support for H.264 in Chrome and would only support WebM going forward. Days later, the search giant promised to offer WebM plug-ins for Microsoft's Internet Explorer 9 and Apple's Safari and has since released a WebM plug-in for IE9 but not yet for Safari. The company has even started converting YouTube videos to WebM.

Microsoft and Apple are betting on H.264 since it is much more widely adopted and because it has many hardware decoders, which allows mobile devices to get long battery life and smooth performance for video playback. Google developed WebM as an alternative, and it has managed to get Mozilla and Opera on board because the platform is more open and is free. Microsoft has said that IE9 would only support H.264, but that it would make an exception for WebM, as long as the user installs the corresponding plug-in. Apple has so far stayed silent and is sticking solely with H.264.

Google continues to insist that H.264 is "patent encumbered," even though the terms of licensing the video compression standard are well-defined. The search giant is hoping the CCL will encourage more developers to adopt the technology and is also aiming to deflect a legal attack from MPEG LA, the organization that licenses H.264 technology. MPEG LA is looking to create a patent pool surrounding WebM and VP8, the core technology underneath WebM, which could scare off companies wary of adopting WebM for fear of being sued for patent infringement.

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Source: http://www.techspot.com/news/43523-google-forms-patent-licensing-initiative-for-webm.html

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Political Memo: On Trail, Trump Basks in Spotlight

?You ready?? he said, a confident smile spreading across his face. ?Is everybody ready??

Mr. Trump?s visit to New Hampshire on Wednesday had all the makings of a made-for-television moment well before the White House produced President Obama?s ?long-form? birth certificate. But Mr. Obama?s decision to weigh into the debate over the authenticity of his American citizenship added another curious layer of complexity to Mr. Trump?s arrival here.

?I?m very proud of myself because I?ve accomplished something that nobody else has been able to accomplish,? Mr. Trump said. ?I am really honored, frankly, to have played such a big role in hopefully, hopefully, getting rid of this issue.?

Yet throughout the day on his inaugural trip to New Hampshire ? in this election cycle, at least ? Mr. Trump proceeded to keep bringing up the subject, which he has pushed repeatedly in recent weeks in attacking Mr. Obama. He mentioned it in a stop at the Roundabout Diner. He raised it during a private Republican fund-raising luncheon. And he asked factory workers whether they had heard the news.

?Oh, by the way, I don?t know if you heard? Did you hear?? he asked employees of Wilcox Industries, a military manufacturing firm in nearby Newington. ?I am so proud of myself. I got this guy to release his birth certificate. I?m really, really happy.?

But Mr. Trump, who was introduced to crowds here as a business mogul, entrepreneur and entertainment icon, had much more to say during his visit to the state that holds the first primary of the Republican presidential nominating contest. He said that he was ?very serious? about joining the presidential race and would disclose his decision after May 22, when his television show ?Celebrity Apprentice? ends.

?I know in my mind, yes. I know what I am going to do,? Mr. Trump said in an interview with WMUR-TV, a destination for all visiting political figures. ?If I run, I give up a lot.?

Mr. Trump has flashed his presidential aspirations before: in 1988 (as a Democrat) and in 1999 (as a Reform Party candidate). But his visit, which lasted a little more than seven hours, was filled with all of the requisite stops that presidential candidates make, far more than simply a drive-by photo opportunity.

It is difficult to divine how seriously Mr. Trump should be treated this time. And it is unclear whether he could claim victory on the birth certificate issue (even though his suggestions that no birth certificate existed turned out to be false) and move along to his next pursuit.

There are, of course, other questions that Mr. Trump has not answered. He has not said whether he still supports the idea he introduced a decade ago to impose a one-time 14.25 percent tax on the net worth of individuals and trusts worth $10 million or more. He has not explained his evolution from supporting abortion rights to being opposed to abortion. And he has swatted away inquiries about his own finances, even though he said Wednesday that he would release his records ?almost simultaneously of when I announce, if I announce.?

But his presence here alone underscored that he has the capacity to leave his stamp on the race, whether he runs or not.

He reserved most of his criticism for the administration, particularly about how Mr. Obama has handled the economy, the Libya conflict and the trade relationship with China. He grew animated discussing global competition.

?China is raping this country,? Mr. Trump said, adding that the United States has fallen short on technology and innovation. ?OPEC is laughing at us.?

Mr. Trump created not only a media circus on Wednesday, but a rolling media circus. At one point, he inched along in his rented black stretch limousine (with a New Hampshire license plate, Regal 50) and stopped every few feet to roll down his tinted windows to make another point.

He shook hands along Hanover Street in downtown Portsmouth, a departure from his normal protocol, given his known worries about germs, and he basked in the reception from scores of people who turned out to see him.

?Does anybody else get this crowd? I don?t think so,? Mr. Trump said, raising his hands in the air. In conversations with voters and reporters, he closed with, ?Have a good time!?

Several residents who saw Mr. Trump said they were amused, but not necessarily won over.

?I think he puts on a good show,? said Joe Lovell, 69, a retired shipyard worker from Somersworth. ?He?s a showman.?

Haven Hayes, 76, a retired university researcher, said: ?I can?t see myself voting for him. He?s too much of a playboy.?

Mike Roe, an insurance agent in Portsmouth, said he wished Mr. Trump would drop the birth certificate issue, but added that he was drawn to Mr. Trump?s swagger and his call to increase the global muscle of the United States. ?We?ve got to become deal makers again,? Mr. Roe said.

Before entering a cigar shop, Mr. Trump called out: ?Did you hear that, press? They are thanking me for getting the birth certificate.? He lingered on the cobblestone streets as though he was leading a parade, telling dozens of admirers, ?Come on, we?re going this way.?

?Don?t worry,? he added, ?I?ll be back in two weeks.?

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With Document, Obama Seeks to End ?Birther? Issue

The gamble produced dramatic television as Mr. Obama strode into the White House briefing room to address, head on, a subject that had been deemed irrelevant by everyone in his orbit for years even as it stoked conservative efforts to undermine his legitimacy as president.

Mr. Obama?s comments risked elevating the discredited questions about where he was born, but also allowed him to cast his political opponents as focused on the trivial at a time when the nation is facing more important issues.

And because much of the recent attention about where he was born came from Donald J. Trump, who says he is considering a run for the Republican presidential nomination and spent the day campaigning in New Hampshire, it allowed the White House to use Mr. Trump as a foil for the president?s efforts to cast himself as a more serious leader than his potential rivals in the 2012 race.

?We?re not going to be able to solve our problems if we get distracted by sideshows and carnival barkers,? Mr. Obama said, a clear reference ? if not by name ? to Mr. Trump.

Mr. Obama?s complaint that the controversy threatened to distract politicians from the country?s big problems produced a hall-of-mirrors-like reverberation from his Republican adversaries, some of whom had raised doubts about his birthplace but now accused the president of releasing the documents to distract from the country?s big problems.

Reince Priebus, the chairman of the Republican National Committee, said in a statement: ?The president ought to spend his time getting serious about repairing our economy, working with Republicans and focusing on the long-term sustainability of Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security. Unfortunately his campaign politics and talk about birth certificates is distracting him from our No. 1 priority ? our economy.?

Sarah Palin, the former governor of Alaska and a potential 2012 rival, said in a Twitter message that the news media should not ?let the WH distract you w/the birth crt? from stories like the public comments of Ben Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve bank.

False accusations about Mr. Obama?s being born abroad ? and the implication that his election was thus invalid ? have percolated on the Internet and among conspiracy theorists since the early days of his presidential campaign, when aides distributed a shorter version of the birth certificate that is normally given out by officials in Hawaii.

But White House officials concluded about a month ago that the falsehoods had moved from ?the nether regions of the Internet? into the mainstream political arena, thanks in large part to the efforts of Mr. Trump, the real estate developer and reality television host who has used the issue as a media magnet.

A New York Times survey taken two weeks ago found that nearly 25 percent of Americans believed Mr. Obama was born in another country; 45 percent of Republicans said they believed that.

Some Democratic activists crowed Wednesday that Mr. Obama had slyly offered a contrast between the president and his likely Republican challengers. Markos Moulitsas, a liberal blogger, wrote, ?What better way to show how out of touch and irrational Republicans are than to rub this in their face??

But White House aides turned back that suggestion, saying it would have been more politically savvy to let the Republicans continue to question his birth certificate since the conservatives most interested in that issue are unlikely to vote for Mr. Obama anyway.

The birth certificate, which is posted on the White House Web site, shows that Mr. Obama was born in Honolulu and is signed by state officials and his mother. It is more detailed than the one officials presented during the 2008 campaign, showing the name of the hospital where Mr. Obama was born and including the signature of the attending physician.

Hawaii does not normally release the long-form certificate, but did so in response to a request for a waiver of state policy by Mr. Obama and his lawyers.

In a news conference Wednesday morning that produced split-screen images on cable television networks, Mr. Trump claimed credit for forcing Mr. Obama?s hand, saying, ?I feel I?ve accomplished something really, really important.? But he said the document would have to be examined for authenticity.

?We have to look at it. A lot of people have to look at it,? he said. ?I hope it?s true, and the reason I hope it?s true is because we have real problems in this country.?

Chatter on Internet forums suggested that hard-core conspiracy buffs were unlikely to be convinced by the White House disclosure. Several postings suggested that the document might be a forgery; others sought to shift the topic to questions about Mr. Obama?s adoption by his stepfather.

White House officials said they hoped to at least bring an end to discussion of the topic in the mainstream news.

?I know that there?s going to be a segment of people for which, no matter what we put out, this issue will not be put to rest,? Mr. Obama said. ?But I?m speaking to the vast majority of the American people, as well as to the press. We do not have time for this kind of silliness.?

Mr. Obama, at a fund-raiser at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York on Wednesday night, made light of the issue. "My name is Barack Obama, I was born in Hawaii, I?m president of the United States, and I?m running for re-election," he said, grinning. The Democratic Party faithful cheered.

Helene Cooper contributed reporting from New York.

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Priming the Body to Tackle Cancer

Melanoma, one of the most common cancers, is usually treated with surgery and aggressive chemotherapy. In a new, preliminary study, Dr. Marcus O. Butler, of Boston's Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, suggests a kinder, gentler way of treating melanoma, and perhaps other cancers, using the body's own defense system.

In a study published in the April 27 edition of Science Translational Medicine, Butler and his colleagues harvested immune cells from nine patients. They souped up the cells in their lab?in effect giving them the ability to remember cancer cells?multiplied them in number, and infused them back into the patients from whom they been taken. This technique, called adoptive t-cell therapy, primes the immune system to seek out and destroy cancer cells throughout the body.

Ten weeks after starting the therapy, seven of the nine patients had more of the specially trained cells than they had started with. The disease in four of the patients had become stable?neither advancing nor retreating. In one patient, the cancer disappeared completely; two years later, it has still not returned.

"We were pleased," Butler says.

Dr. Cassian Yee, a professor at the University of Washington and researcher at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, says the Dana-Farber study proves adoptive therapy can work.

Yee, who also researches adoptive therapy, says cancer doctors tend to push for more-aggressive treatments that save lives but leave patients drained and ill. Butler's success suggests that equally effective treatments could be developed that are less damaging, he says.

This might be a "good end to the more-is-better" approach, says Yee. "This is really the right way to go, in terms of seeing what minimally is necessary to demonstrate some effectiveness." Because Butler's patients were relatively healthy, says Yee, more research will be needed to determine effectiveness in the sickest patients.

The work is not yet ready for commercialization. Laboratory methods for boosting immune cells need to be perfected and made more efficient, and more early clinical trials are needed, both Butler and Yee say.

Five of the Dana-Farber patients went on to take ipilimumab, a human monoclonal antibody made by Bristol-Myers Squibb, which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved for treatment of metastatic melanoma. With the addition of ipilimumab, Butler says, tumors shrank in three of the five patients and stopped growing in the other two, a response far better than that shown in previous trials of the drug. Butler says this suggests his immunotherapy may help drugs work better.

"We're very encouraged," Butler says. "We're also the first to admit that it could have something to do with patient selection or the small number of patients [in our study]." He says he's in the process of putting together a clinical trial to look directly for any benefit from combined therapy.

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Can social media create the news? Flockler launches to do just that.

Since its inception, social media has augmented the dissemination of news, helping links reach international audiences, 24 hours a day with added relevancy. News articles have traditionally been static and written by one journalist offering an expert opinion. Comments and sharing in social media have been included around the article, but have never been able to augment the article before. Now, social media is able to give back to the news in a whole new way, by active curation and crowdsourced participation.

Two years ago, Finnish entrepreneur Toni Hopponen was working as a product manager for visionary entrepreneur Tuomas Kumpula, the co-founder of Geniem Ltd, which offered mobile and social media services for brands. With a passion for the news business, Hopponen began to develop an idea for a new project after several discussions with local media companies. All of them had the same need: to increase participation and to add content created by an audience and curated by selected experts. To address these needs, Flockler, a social curation platform for publishers, was born.

Working together, Hopponen and Kumpula created the first prototype of Flockler and sold the product to the webmaster of a local news site. Following the success of the first prototype, they were able to raise angel funding to continue developing the product and attracting beta customers. Flockler now has more than 25 news sites signed up including Alma Media Group and YLE, the national broadcasting corporation of Finland. Today, at The Next Web Conference in Amsterdam, Flockler announces its global, public launch to help media and publishers create active communities around a journalistic core.

Flockler?s tools let audience members create topics, which members can then join. Members of a topic can post text, photos, videos and even include embedded code and tweets. Content can be posted with any device including iPhone, iPad and Android devices. Flockler?s user interface is built based on Less Framework and adapts to various screen sizes automatically.

Topics can be a specific theme, breaking news story or a nearby live event. Flockler?s first public beta case was during FIFA World Cup 2010 with Aamulehti, the second largest daily newspaper in Finland. Aamulehti selected a team of experts to create and curate content during the World Cup. Members, including junior league coaches, referees, true fans and local football heroes posted over 2,500 posts in 30 days including dozens of YouTube videos, photos and thousands of comments. Flockler says their service was extremely popular and the best content was cited daily in Aamulehti?s print version.

The full launch includes a free core version for groups, bloggers and smaller sites and a premium version for news sites and bigger publishers which includes customizable widgets to match the look and feel of a site, preferred support and analytics. For large organizations and high-volume sites, Flockler offers enterprise editions with partner API access, premium support and guaranteed uptime.

Why can?t publishers use their own content management systems (CMS)? Flockler says, ?Mostly [because] their current CMS is not designed for inviting audience to participate and create content with them; development costs are high, inviting people to the core system is risky and many content management systems are not integrated [with the] latest social media services. Our customers also tried other social media services and blogging tools available, but they were not easy enough to use, fast to integrate or designed for groups of people curating content??

Will Flocklr bring real participation and audience engagement to publishers? We are entering an era in which content creation will become more lively and experiential but it will need more expert moderation and editorial curation than ever before, in this new world of blogging meets Twitter. If the curation isn?t addressed with expertise, we could end up with a camel, which as the old saying goes, is simply a horse designed by a committee.

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Source: http://thenextweb.com/eu/2011/04/28/can-social-media-create-the-news-flockler-launches-to-do-just-that/

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Chinese wire transfer fraud hits US firms

Several firms in the United States lost more than US $11 million in online scams where banking credentials were stolen and used in fraudulent wire transfers to companies in China.

According to the FBI, the criminals managed to compromise the computers of people who could initiate funds transfers using phishing e-mails designed to trick the recipients into revealing online banking credentials or into visiting a Web site hosting malware that steals the information from the computer.

Over the past year, there were 20 such incidents affecting companies and public institutions in the U.S. that tend to have accounts at local community banks and credit unions, some of which even use third-party service providers for online banking services.

The stolen money, according to the agency, is transferred to a bank account owned by one of a number of ?economic and trade companies? located in China and immediately withdrawn or transferred again.

?It is unknown who is behind these unauthorized transfers, if the Chinese accounts were the final transfer destination, or if the funds were transferred elsewhere, or why the legitimate companies received the unauthorized funds,? the FBI alert says.

In addition to the unauthorized wire transfers to China, criminals also were found to be sending domestic Automated Clearing House and wire transfers to money mules in the U.S. within minutes of the overseas transfers. It is unclear, however, where that money ends up.

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Source: http://thenextweb.com/asia/2011/04/28/chinese-wire-transfer-fraud-hits-us-firms/

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Apple reportedly buys iCloud.com for $4.5 million

Apple may have purchased the domain name iCloud.com for $4.5 million, according to Om Malik of GigaOm.

iCloud.com was a cloud storage service owned by Xcerion, and recently rebranded the product as CloudMe.com. Malik?s source claims that Xcerion sold the domain to Apple for $4.5 million.

Xcerion?s cloud product rebranding occurred on the 5th of April. With rumors that have circulated for years regarding Apple?s cloud music service coming to a head, this is one more piece of evidence causing speculation that such a launch is imminent ? perhaps before or at this year?s WWDC.

A cloud music service from Apple would compete with Amazon?s recently-launched Cloud Locker.

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BlackBerry PlayBook Tablet Reviewed: Hot or Not?

The BlackBerry PlayBook is RIM's entry into the burgeoning tablet market that is currently dominated by Apple. It faces a stiff competition from the iPad and the various Android tablets that are just now coming to market. Does RIM have what it takes to compete at this level of consumer tablet? Is the BlackBerry PlayBook something that the average customer should be parting with their hard-earned money for?

In a nutshell, no. The PlayBook has a lot of things going for it, solid hardware, speedy processor, and dual-cameras. But hardware is only half the story. And the story of the PlayBook is as much about what RIM left out as what it put in. The PlayBook is not quite ready for prime time, and could definitely benefit from going back in the oven for a little bit longer, especially on the software side. Considering that ensuing updates to the OS and integrated apps could improve the PlayBook, bear in mind that this review is current only as of launch time: April 2011. Read on to find out what the PlayBook does right, and why we think it is sorely lacking in other areas.


Hardware

The hardware on the PlayBook is really quite nice. The 7-inch size, no matter what Steve Jobs says, is very easy to hold in the hand and use while on the go. Unlike the iPad, which almost requires that you put it down in order to type on it, the PlayBook accommodates typing with two thumbs quite easily. The tablet weighs just under a pound, at 425g (0.9 lb), which is enough heft to give it a solid feel without being too heavy to easily carry around. Not to mention the fact that the 7-inch size can fit in many more jacket pockets than a 10-inch slate.

The screen itself is very nice to look at. The 1024 x 600 pixel resolution provides crisp images and colors really pop off the screen. Viewing angles are phenomenal and outdoor viewing was even usable, if not exactly great. The screen is capacitive multitouch glass, and we found it to be very responsive to the touch.

The bezel around the screen is rather large, but part of that is because it includes a gesture area that is used to initiate functions in the OS such as multi-tasking and settings. Dual speakers frame the front on the left and right sides and pump out some of the loudest sound we've ever heard from a mobile device. They offer rich, full sound. At the top of the PlayBook, within the bezel, is a light sensor and the 3 megapixel front facing camera.

The sides of the PlayBook are coated with a soft-touch rubber that has a quality feel and provides some grip. The PlayBook is a svelte 10mm (0.4 in) thick, which is certainly thin enough in our opinion. On top of the device are a power button, volume controls, and a play/pause key for media. A 3.5mm headphone jack is present as well. The power button is very small and quite difficult to depress. Thankfully, the tablet can be activated by swiping from one side to another, without using the button. On the bottom of the tablet are three ports: micro-HDMI, micro-USB, and a three pin accessory dock connector.

The back of the PlayBook is fairly sparse, save for the chrome BlackBerry logo dead-center and the 5 megapixel camera centered at the top. The position of the camera works well, never once did we find our fingers blocking the lens while we snapped a picture. The entire back is coated with the same soft-touch rubber that is on the sides of the PlayBook. It provides nice grip without showing fingerprints or minor scratches. The overall design of the PlayBook is a delight in minimalism, and the squared edges are very different than the tapered sides that we see on the iPad and other tablets.

RIM offers an option to pair a BlackBerry smartphone to the PlayBook via its Bridge app. This allows access to the mail and messaging (as well as contacts, calendar, and tasks) data that exist on the phone and lets the user manage those from the tablet. The apps only appear when the phone is paired, within range, and connected, and all of the information immediately disappears from the PlayBook when the devices are disconnected.

RIM positions this as a security feature for enterprise customers, as they will not have to re-certify each tablet for their networks. While it is a nice feature to be able to access a phone's email system on the tablet, it is no excuse for not having a true email client on the tablet, especially with email and messaging being something that is so important to the BlackBerry brand. RIM's CEO has promised that an update is coming that will provide a real email app, but no timeline has been given as to exactly when. Frankly, it's something so essential that should have been bundled at launch, otherwise the PlayBook appears like a half baked contender as a standalone tablet.

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Source: http://www.techspot.com/review/391-blackberry-playbook-tablet/

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Political Memo: On Trail, Trump Basks in Spotlight

?You ready?? he said, a confident smile spreading across his face. ?Is everybody ready??

Mr. Trump?s visit to New Hampshire on Wednesday had all the makings of a made-for-television moment well before the White House produced President Obama?s ?long-form? birth certificate. But Mr. Obama?s decision to weigh into the debate over the authenticity of his American citizenship added another curious layer of complexity to Mr. Trump?s arrival here.

?I?m very proud of myself because I?ve accomplished something that nobody else has been able to accomplish,? Mr. Trump said. ?I am really honored, frankly, to have played such a big role in hopefully, hopefully, getting rid of this issue.?

Yet throughout the day on his inaugural trip to New Hampshire ? in this election cycle, at least ? Mr. Trump proceeded to keep bringing up the subject, which he has pushed repeatedly in recent weeks in attacking Mr. Obama. He mentioned it in a stop at the Roundabout Diner. He raised it during a private Republican fund-raising luncheon. And he asked factory workers whether they had heard the news.

?Oh, by the way, I don?t know if you heard? Did you hear?? he asked employees of Wilcox Industries, a military manufacturing firm in nearby Newington. ?I am so proud of myself. I got this guy to release his birth certificate. I?m really, really happy.?

But Mr. Trump, who was introduced to crowds here as a business mogul, entrepreneur and entertainment icon, had much more to say during his visit to the state that holds the first primary of the Republican presidential nominating contest. He said that he was ?very serious? about joining the presidential race and would disclose his decision after May 22, when his television show ?Celebrity Apprentice? ends.

?I know in my mind, yes. I know what I am going to do,? Mr. Trump said in an interview with WMUR-TV, a destination for all visiting political figures. ?If I run, I give up a lot.?

Mr. Trump has flashed his presidential aspirations before: in 1988 (as a Democrat) and in 1999 (as a Reform Party candidate). But his visit, which lasted a little more than seven hours, was filled with all of the requisite stops that presidential candidates make, far more than simply a drive-by photo opportunity.

It is difficult to divine how seriously Mr. Trump should be treated this time. And it is unclear whether he could claim victory on the birth certificate issue (even though his suggestions that no birth certificate existed turned out to be false) and move along to his next pursuit.

There are, of course, other questions that Mr. Trump has not answered. He has not said whether he still supports the idea he introduced a decade ago to impose a one-time 14.25 percent tax on the net worth of individuals and trusts worth $10 million or more. He has not explained his evolution from supporting abortion rights to being opposed to abortion. And he has swatted away inquiries about his own finances, even though he said Wednesday that he would release his records ?almost simultaneously of when I announce, if I announce.?

But his presence here alone underscored that he has the capacity to leave his stamp on the race, whether he runs or not.

He reserved most of his criticism for the administration, particularly about how Mr. Obama has handled the economy, the Libya conflict and the trade relationship with China. He grew animated discussing global competition.

?China is raping this country,? Mr. Trump said, adding that the United States has fallen short on technology and innovation. ?OPEC is laughing at us.?

Mr. Trump created not only a media circus on Wednesday, but a rolling media circus. At one point, he inched along in his rented black stretch limousine (with a New Hampshire license plate, Regal 50) and stopped every few feet to roll down his tinted windows to make another point.

He shook hands along Hanover Street in downtown Portsmouth, a departure from his normal protocol, given his known worries about germs, and he basked in the reception from scores of people who turned out to see him.

?Does anybody else get this crowd? I don?t think so,? Mr. Trump said, raising his hands in the air. In conversations with voters and reporters, he closed with, ?Have a good time!?

Several residents who saw Mr. Trump said they were amused, but not necessarily won over.

?I think he puts on a good show,? said Joe Lovell, 69, a retired shipyard worker from Somersworth. ?He?s a showman.?

Haven Hayes, 76, a retired university researcher, said: ?I can?t see myself voting for him. He?s too much of a playboy.?

Mike Roe, an insurance agent in Portsmouth, said he wished Mr. Trump would drop the birth certificate issue, but added that he was drawn to Mr. Trump?s swagger and his call to increase the global muscle of the United States. ?We?ve got to become deal makers again,? Mr. Roe said.

Before entering a cigar shop, Mr. Trump called out: ?Did you hear that, press? They are thanking me for getting the birth certificate.? He lingered on the cobblestone streets as though he was leading a parade, telling dozens of admirers, ?Come on, we?re going this way.?

?Don?t worry,? he added, ?I?ll be back in two weeks.?

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App-Specific Processors to Fight Dark Silicon

A processor etched with circuits tailored to the most widely used apps on Android phones could help extend the devices' battery life. Researchers at the University of California, San Diego have created software that scans the operating system and a collection of the most popular apps and then generates a processor design tailored to their demands. The result can be 11 times more efficient than today's typical general-purpose smart-phone chip, says Michael Taylor, who leads the GreenDroid project with colleague Steven Swanson.

"Chip design for mobile phones needs rethinking for two reasons," says Taylor. "One is to improve their use of the limited energy available to a phone, and the other is to avoid a problem called dark silicon, which is set to make conventional chip designs even less efficient."

"Dark silicon" is a portion of a microchip that is left unused. Although uncommon today, dark silicon is expected to become necessary in two or three years, because engineers will be unable to reduce chips' operating voltages any further to offset increases in power consumption and waste heat produced by smaller, faster chips.

Operating shrinking transistors with lower voltages was "traditionally the escape valve that enabled more power without more heat output," says Taylor, "but now there is no place to go." Operating voltages have crept close to a fundamental limit at which transistors cease to function practically. This means that soon, as transistors continue to get smaller, each generation of chips will be less efficient than the one before, he says. "If you kept using all of the chip, each generation would generate double the heat of the one before." Keeping energy use constant will require switching on only certain parts of a chip at any one time.

Taylor and Swanson's GreenDroid design sidesteps this by surrounding a processor's main core?the part of a chip that executes instructions?with 120 smaller ones that each take care of one piece of code frequently needed by the apps used most on a phone. Each core's circuits closely mimic the structure of the code on which they are based, making them up to 10,000 times more efficient than a general-purpose processor core performing the same task. "If you have cores that are highly specialized, you can light up the whole chip at once," eliminating dark silicon, Taylor says.

Rather than manually translating source code into processor cores, the UCSD team has developed software to do it. They record the computational demands of the Android OS when running popular apps for e-mail, maps, video, and the Web radio service Pandora, among others, and from that information, the software generates the GreenDroid chip design.

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